The Use of Imagery in the First Person Essay Example For Students

The Use of Imagery in the First Person Essay I wake up and my eyes are flooded with the appearance of nothingness. I give them a few seconds to adjust to the darkness that has overtaken my room. After a few seconds of adjusting I begin to make out the shapes and objects that make up my bedroom. I look over at the clock and see that it is almost half past midnight. I begin to wonder what could have made my mind awaken from the unconsciousness it had been in for about 3 hours. Then I feel it, the emptiness in the pit of my stomach that can only be hunger. We will write a custom essay on The Use of Imagery in the First Person specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I had skipped out on dinner that night on account of the massive mountain of homework that was waiting for me in my room. I turn on the bedside lamp and see my cat, Lola, lying at the foot of my bed. She seems agitated. I whisk the blankets off of my still sleep ridden body and trudge across the room to the door. I hear a faint meow from behind me, and turn to see Lola jump off the bed and run to my side. Maybe she is hungry too. I try to keep my noise to a minimum due to my siblings sleeping one room over. I reach the stairs that will take me to the place that may subdue the rumble in my body, the kitchen. Each step I take up the stairs takes more and more energy from my body. I cannot tell if this lack of energy is from my exhaustion or the fact that I need to start working out. The cat is still right on my heels, watching every move I make. I reach the top of the stairs with breaths that are heavier than when I began the climb. I walk around the corner and into the kitchen, trying to think of the contents of the pantry and refrigerator. I only want a small snack. I open the pantry and see foods that would be considered ingredients such as rice, flour, sugar, and other foods that one would not consider an individually eaten item. I open the refrigerator and find a pudding cup and a small bag of almonds. I also find a half-eaten can of tuna that I grab for Lola since she also made the journey to come up here. After I have my midnight snack in order I begin the journey back to my room. Once I get down the stairs I am again winded. The walk back down the hallway to get to my room on the end feels like walking through knee deep peanut butter. Every step feels forced and unmotivated. Once I get to my room, I lay the tuna down for Lola, which she doesnt even touch, and devour the snack I had put together for myself. I turn the lamp off and feel Lola creep up the side of the bed to lie on the pillow next to mine, which she has now claimed as her favorite spot to sleep. The room is again flooded with darkness as I doze off back into unconsciousness.

Tips for Building Better Work Relationships

Tips for Building Better Work Relationships Better work relations can make going to work a pleasurable experience no matter where you are in your current career path. Even if you already love the job that you do, improving the relationships with others around you will increase both your personal and professional level of fulfillment. These six tips will help you in building better work relationships. 1. Positive Body LanguageSmile, stand up straight, and look people in the eye. Show interest and be engaged when you are communicating with others instead of simultaneously checking your email when they are talking to you. According to psychologist Albert Mehrabian, 93% of our communication is non-verbal, so make sure that you display a friendly demeanor and have approachable body language.2. SocializeSocializing doesn’t have to mean going to happy hour every Friday with your coworkers, but you do need to participate in company events. Take your boss up on that lunch invitation, even if it means you will be working a little bit later that day. Being an active participant shows interest and investment in your company.3. Be Helpful to EveryonePleasing your boss and clients are important, but extending yourself beyond your department is also an important part of building work relationships outside your current network. If you have a slow day, reach out to someone in another department that you don’t come in day to day contact with to see if they could use your help.4. Avoid GossipAvoiding bad habits is just as important as having good ones. Do not partake in activities that revolve around negative comments and behaviors towards others. Spreading rumors is unkind and will also give you a reputation as untrustworthy, making it difficult to build relationships.5. Be HonestHonesty is the foundation of any good relationship including ones with your coworkers, supervisors, and clients. Inevitably you will be asked to perform a task you don’t know how to do. Just make sure you tell your client or supervisor that you will research it and get back to them, but don’t give them information that is not correct. If you cannot make a deadline, then always be upfront instead of making promises you know will be almost impossible for you to follow through on. You will gain a lot of respect from others if you are an honest person they can depend on.6. Be GraciousCarry out all of your tasks graciously. Asking someone for help on something can be a difficult thing for many people. When someone reaches out to you, and you agree to assist them, do so graciously. If you have a negative attitude towards helping someone, they will pick up on it. It will not only make them sorry that they reached out to you, but it will also steer others away from you.Final ThoughtsBuilding better work relationships is a balance between verbal and non-verbal communication that requires you to invest your time in yourself and others. According to Anthony Robbins, â€Å"The way we communicate with others and with ourselves ultimately determines the quality of our lives.† The investment you make will give you and others around you tons of personal fulfillment, besides creating a reputation for yourself that makes your coworkers, clients, and supervisors come to you for anything they need.

EMILY DICKINSON Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

EMILY DICKINSON - Research Paper Example However, it was this lack of human contact and her inability to form relationships that kept her well-behaved and out of trouble, making her a favorite among her relatives, especially her aunt Lavinia. It was this aunt who called attention not only to Dickinson’s quiet demeanor, but also to Dickinson’s affinity for the piano when she was only two years of age. Wanting to encourage Dickinson’s intelligence and musical talent, and because he held education in high regard, Dickinson’s father made sure that his children were properly educated from early ages. As such, he also played a very active role in their education, always listening with eagerness as his children shared what they had learned. The regular involvement in Dickinson’s life made him a favorite to his children; indeed, it had been noted that Dickinson and her siblings were not very fond of her mother, who was a cold woman. It was her father’s warmth and concern that kept Dickinson inspired to stay in school and hone her talents (Farr 76). During 1845 and 1846, Dickinson had fallen ill, keeping her out of school for almost nine months, yet when she returned, she was more than eager to get back into her studies. Even during her illness, she made sure to continue reading and writing, never wanting to cease the growth of her intelligence or put her father’s sacrifices for her education to waste. During and after her education, Dickinson continued to write, clearly having found the one thing in life that she wanted to do until her last breath. At the age of eighteen, Dickinson befriended her father’s attorney, Benjamin Franklin Newton, who was amazed by Dickinson’s talents. He introduced her to the works of William Wadsworth and Ralph Waldo Emerson, no doubt with the intent of encouraging her own writing talents. Newton died before Dickinson had made a name for herself, something that he had longed to see her do, but many of her poems were in written in memory of Newton or had Newton as the subject. As Dickinson entered adulthood, she found herself growing steadily depressed over the many deaths that had plagued her life. She became even more reclusive, though she never gave up her writing. Her father died from a stroke in 1874; though Dickinson didn’t attend his funeral, her father’s death was a catalyst in Dickinson’s life (Baker 209-211). When her mother died in 1882 from numerous illnesses, Dickinson was pushed further into seclusion, all but shutting herself completely away from the world. Dickinson found herself at an emotional rockbottom later in 1882 after the deaths of two close friends, as well as the death of her favorite nephew, who had died of typhoid fever. Dickinson continued to write poetry, but she stopped editing and organizing her work. Come 1884, Dickinson had grown worn out from all of the deaths that she had experienced, as they all seemed to have come one right after the other . Dickinson barely had time to grieve over one friend or family member before another died. The summer of 1884, Dickinson herself rapidly grew sick, becoming weak and succumbing to fainting spells. She was bedridden, though she kept up with her writing. Her poems became few, but she had composed a variety of letters to her few remaining friends and family members. Dickinson died on May 15, 1886 from kidney disease, though many people have speculated that Dickinson’

Reclassification of marijuana Annotated Bibliography

Reclassification of marijuana - Annotated Bibliography Example 2. The article titled Medical Marijuana: Legalities and Health Condition Uses describes possible therapeutic applications and uses of marijuana in medicine as well as the benefits it gives to patients. In addition to this, the article provides the information on legal and semi legal marijuana use in various countries and in the USA by states. The article can be used in the research for it provides a short review of positive sides and also shows that many countries have chosen to use marijuana in medicine because of the benefits it gives. 3. The article The Pharmacologic and Clinical Effects of Medical Cannabis summarizes the information on the medical use and benefits of medical cannabis for patients. In particular, the article describes pharmacodynamics of cannabis and describes its role in treating the most common conditions, which are pain and muscle spasms. The article is useful and relevant to the research as it shows that marijuana should be reclassified for its use leads to significant improvement in different types of muscle spasticity and pain. 4. The article titled The Medical Necessity for Medicinal Cannabis describes the research on the influence of cannabis on the state of patients with cancer. The article provides evidence on the improvement in symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, weight loss, loss of appetite, anxiety, depression etc. The positive effects of marijuana on different cancer-related symptoms described in the article suggest the use of cannabis in medical practice should be legalized. 5. The article Marijuana: Myths vs. Reality deals with the most common misconceptions associated with the use of cannabis in medicine and marijuana legalization. The article lists the myths and, more importantly, dispels them. The article can be useful for the research for it puts common myths and misconceptions about medical use of marijuana to rest and provides background for the further

Critical Analysis of the Authenticity of Adventure Racers Identities Research Paper

Critical Analysis of the Authenticity of Adventure Racers Identities - Research Paper Example An examination of what it is that makes the identity of adventure racers in the sport authentic reveals that the characters involved in the sport usually depict a characteristic of resistance. This sport is self-sufficient, multidiscipline, multiday, non-stop, and it also involves a mixed gender team. This sport being a multiday sport requires that the racers master several outdoor skills. The racers are also required to develop skills on how to manage risks such as illness and injury. These are some of the factors that are seen to make the identity of adventure racers authentic in the sport. The racers are also required to get accustomed to harsh conditions such as the deprivation of sleep, extreme weather conditions, harsh terrains and weight loss (Brown and Eisenhardt, 1998). The distinctive Habitus theory and adventure racing This paper will use the distinctive Habitus theory to critically examine what makes adventure racers authentic in the sport. The Habitus theory will examine the embodied culture and link it with some of the new corporate cultures, and examine how they influence the authenticity of adventure racers identities. The analysis will be based on the concept of Pierre Bourdieu, which tends to be pivotal in the practice of authentic racing. According to this theory, adventure racing incorporates some schemes of disposition and these are some of the factors that make the identity of adventure racers authenti

Opportunities and risks of FDI in China

Opportunities and risks of FDI in China China, the worlds biggest and most populated country, which has fourth largest area in world. There is not a single aspect in which china is running behind. All the sectors for China are really working fast with fastest growing rate of economy of any major nation. The countrys GDP ratio is so high, economic structure is working good, social and cultural aspects for business and country is bilateral. But when it is not always true, that all the countrys can enjoy success rate much than failure. There are some sections where China needs to look after like, education, health and safety and environmental crisis. As it is a developing country, there are chances of increasing their business prospective in very huge sense with our developed or developing country. According to the news, China and the rest of the world have become closely interconnected with its large territory and population which guarantees the environmental impacts on all over the world. From the point of view of world, they try to increase these impacts by means of the trade and investment which fuels Chinas rapid economic growth. From the business sector aspect, the trade was negligible before 1980s and even FDI in China was nevertheless negligible till 1991. But the way they are accelerating their fast moving economy which is almost exponential. In economic terms there was 40-fold increase in international trade between 1978 and 2003. Therefore, there are several aspects we need to look at in order to find out the success ratio for Chinese Economy. In following article, we have tried to cover the main aspects of the Chinese strengths and weaknesses, as well as other factors such as political, legal and investments and so on. According to the analysis and research we did, the important aspect for Chinese government are legal, political, motivation and obstacles for multinational firms to invest in the country, sectors or industries likely to attract FDI and what are the reasons, there can be possibility of bigger risk for foreign companies which would like to enter in this country and how can these risks be reduced and so on. The political/legal environment: A very good aspect of global marketing is legal/political features. A binding of rules and regulations with their own principles of state and nations is known as International Law. There are two different characteristics, the first is a law which belongs to an individual in a country and that particular law only exists to certain amount of degree that an individual nations are willing to relinquish their rights. The second law is, lack of truly comprehensive international legal system, which has an adequate international judicial and administrative framework for the countries legal system. If we talk about international business, than it will also relate political decrees which are made by government for different home and host countries. There can be different measures which government would like to consider maintaining enough funding and operating smoothly in host country. Host governments take measures like taxations, ownership controls, operating restrictions or expropriation. Whereas for home country government, they take measure like make deal with eligible and approved parties, in order to avoid frauds and to grant an export licence, or withdrawal of export guarantee cover. Availability of the legal or political system as if like, ideology, nationalism, stability and international relations out of which the main features are best described to know legal and political implications: Expropriation: This can be the main possibilities of investor which may try to reduce their risk of doing business in the country. There are certain points which need to be considered while doing business in China. The country should try to make the business transactions so easy, as in case of local supply infrastructure which will help the people to believe in new entrants of the company with similar tastes, whereas it will reduce any adverse action/damages for the host country. In a way, this can be benefitted to both home and host country. Host country should try to make rapid depreciation of assets and repatriation of funds, if in case, there are uncertainties occurring in China, due to which the company has to wind up, it will also helpful for the company to stand with the loss if they are occurring. For the assets and funds they can be transferred at manipulated prices. For Chinese market, whenever any new company or MNEs wants to enter, they should try to invest as much as they can in order to maintain the stability of the market status, as well as they know the tastes of Chinese people which might be helpful for the host countries companys. To maintain the local stock market rates at the same levels, the company has to retain the control of critical inputs. That means, whenever they share any market share with higher price, needs to maintain the prices of those markets shares within the country. Even to make it low prices in order to earn profit, the company needs to maintain their cost of products to certain limit. Incentives: There are different aspects of providing incentives to motivate their workers, employees, public and for their own benefits. There are many countries which try to reduce their own potential risk of promoting their products, brands or advertising its products in different markets. Therefore, many countries try to reduce perceived risk of advertising or promoting inward investment as they are not tied with sharing, during the condition of tax breaks, free posts, free trade zones etc. this type of barriers affects the countries economy, as for example government tries to attract mobile investor, or considering the scheme for poor local skills which might be withdrawn once capital has been accumulated. It is same in the case of incentives which depend on feasibility of incentives compared to real return on investment? Assessing political vulnerability There are political aspects of economy, which create helplessness for the host and home countries business and its growth. Following are some the crucial aspects which we found out are the main features to make the companys profit or loss in host country. Even Chinese economy could not deny to these aspects: For a new MNEs entering in to any new market, needs to create good relations with its legal, political, CSR and environmental aspects, as in case of its own home country. The products should be good in quality, sensible to consumers, and trustworthy relationship with customers industry. Company needs to keep in mind the area and location of it growth. In order to reduce miscommunication, code of conduct, health and safety and good operating services. Promotions of the products, brands and services are much more important for success. Therefore, visibility of the firm is must, in a way advertising the products in host country gives huge public entrance with competitors. As we have discussed different political and legal aspect of host countrys in order to work out strategy accordingly. Contribution to the host country, that means, giving charity, investing in shares or stocks, merging, partnerships, joint ventures, providing employment, good salaries to employees, motivation, incentives, and pensions to the current workers and so on, it is important to bring up a good goodwill in host country. Localization of operations, in order to reduce import-export duties, getting cheaper rates of raw materials, cheap labor, etc. Marketing implications After discussing the internal implications, we can also describe briefly the main external implication which might be the reason for failure in host country. International law on marketing operations is multitude or crowded. Price controls/decisions- taxation, value added systems, resale price value/maintenance, price freezes after certain level in inflation. Distribution- channel of retail or wholesale agents or distributors, physical distribution or manufacturing the products on your own, insurance policies for products, brands or patents. Product decisions- includes designs of products, healthy and safety measure for using that product, overall performance measurement, packaging, labeling and warranty of the products. Promotion- advertising for the products and its services is must, product restriction includes within which age group the product can be used to reduce dangers with peoples life, and sales promotion for products gives better results. The most important market research- collection of details which are required by local public, tastes of particular brand, stock valuation, storage capacity for delivering goods to different areas and transmission of data to its local branches. Reasons for sectors and industries which are more likely to attract FDI in China: What is FDI? FDI means a multinational or transnational firm which engages in Foreign Direct Investment and owes its controls with value-added activities in more than one host country. The most used and widely accepted by data collecting agencies such as organization for Economics Co-operation and Development (OECD), UNCTADs Division on Investment, Technology and Enterprise Development (DITE) adjoined with national governments and supranational entities. There are main points for the development of Chinese economy which are mentioned below: 1. There has been a positive development trend for Chinese economy, as the economy provides a huge entrance for FDI. In this situation and circumstances, the growth of global economy will rise slowly but the highly developed countries like US and Japan will grow slowly as Chinese government guide lines describes expansion of internal demand, implement of positive financial policy and steady monetary policy which will try to accelerates the adjustment of economic structure in Chinese economy. From this aspect further expansion is possible which will open outside world and will run actively and steadily to promote the reforms which will be in favor of Chinas situation as well as its legislation of market economy, it will boost the overall quality and benefit of economy to run smoothly, which will maintain a strong bond with home and host country with its individual growth. 2. With stable political situation, Chinese economy has encouraged FDI as a part of its main entry policy. For certain period of time, the government itself was taking part to consider foreign direct investment in China which resulting made continuous efforts in improving or growing FDI investment. It was also protecting legal rights and interest of foreign investors. 3. After having FDI in China, foreign firms were attracted to start its business in order to earn like the foreign investors. Even some of the firms who invested experienced success in China. Since last 20 years of Chinas restructuring and strengthens of foreign investors in investing in Chinese Economy increase confidence of every individual to make first choice for every firms, MNEs or joint ventures to work in China or start Business in China. 4. Broad Market Potential: As now we all have an idea that China has got highest population with highest growth rate like developed country. The economy is fast growing, and domestic market of its services and products are massive. This is all because of Chinas consistent political environment; low labor cost with high quality of work, whole range of industries, and return on investment is good and so on. In a way China exhibits strengthen and charismatic attraction to an number of foreign firms and enterprises or MNEs. Motivation and obstacles for MNEs to invest in the China: Market size and growth MNEs need more space to wide-spread their rapid growth and they have comfortable market environment in China. E.g. Tesco Cheap labor cost As China is highly populated country and in this country people are ready to work at any cost, the concerned to earn money for their normal standard of living. Exchange rate The huge difference is currency rate. For example, if US wants to start a business than it will double profitable from the budgeted cost for starting a new business, as they can export- or can get each and every raw materials from China at cheaper rates. High investment return As we have studied, FDI has improved the economical level of China; therefore we can say every country is dreaming to start its ventures in China due to this reason, as before we earn profit we can earn money from the investment itself. E.g. shares, funds and charities Government incentive Policies Local government system is quite compatible to motivate and encourage business to do in China, though is not in case of internal motivation but when it comes to business, the different policies are benefitted for outsiders. E.g. free trade zones, loans, etc. Political stability Rules and regulations are not frequently changing with government; therefore it will be benefitted for new MNEs to enter as they dont have to think about any new shortcuts to enter or any other changes with its business working structure and strategies. Part of companys globalization strategy As we know that china is booming with all the aspect all over the world, that means if the countrys economy is booming, there are chances of new entrants to hit the set targets and run business successfully rather than home country. E.g. Wal-Mart Serving as an export platform Being a mediator China serves all the main countries its varieties of goods, technologies and cheap labor. E.g. watches made in China and sold in USA/India with a brand name, as well as toys. Chinas advanced technology This point is not much used by any MNEs as we all have idea about Chinese technological power, what sort of machinery they use for manufacturing and production. Therefore, for MNEs they dont have to worry about its production of goods, as it can be made with cheap labor, materials but with consistent quality. Chinas weak Indus. infrastructure Infrastructure doesnt really matter as the people in China want to adopt western trend, but they are facing constraints while adopting it. The reason might by cultural. Obstacles for MNEs firms to invest in Chinese environment: Political stability This factor can be weakness, as there is no improvement in political aspect of country so there are no chances of MNEs to innovate something new, or nothing such which is beneficial to MNEs Unsatisfactory foreign trade policy Trade, tariffs, subsidies- aid and loans, custom valuation. Whereas regarding the quotas, MNEs needs to consider- Buy Local Legislation, standards and labels, specific permission required, administrative delays, reciprocal requirements, restrictions on services. These factors are not up to certain limit to satisfy the Foreign firm. Regulations not strictly implemented Legal and illegal actions can take place while doing new business or continuing business. The laws which a business man is bound to follow, which are not being followed properly to maintain sustainability of economy. Unsatisfactory banking system The rates for interest, return on investment and etc., are not too enough for MNEs to get its return with double profit. Even the facility of banking is not sufficient for the new company to enter in China and provide every information/database. This can be the important aspect to be a huge obstacles as employees of the companys who has got bank account will not get up to the mark information, resulting failure. The development of business related industry China is huge in area, so in order to increase GDP, China is out sourcing too much to get the companies in to China for employment, high standard of living, good infrastructure etc. Low productivity Because of cheap labor and materials there are chances of doing fraud with public by providing them duplicate products and earn profit. Risks for entering in to market and how to reduce the risks in host country: Risk is such a big factor, which will consider by every firm, organization or enterprise as hindrance towards success. Even in here, there are different aspects of risks, which includes social, economical, political, legal, environmental and technological. But there are certain features which are the main to consider while you enter in host country. Some of them have been discussed below: Build strategies to recruit and train capable managers: In this case, there are many graduates from Chinese business schools, but they are lacking necessary skills like team leading, managing targets and so on. Chinese universities have formed partnerships in order to get successful and efficient employees to work within the companys environment and its management curriculum. They are providing trading promises for future employment by doing partnership with MNEs. firms are being trained properly, capable and intelligent Chinese student to get jobs in host countrys company. Safeguard intellectual property rights: Confidentiality is much more important while starting a new business in host country. Therefore foreign companies need to be cautious while transferring any important or proprietary information regarding its business growth or its development in china. There are chances of information being stolen and privacy for business strategy, budgets, and employees details can be hacked. Firms can pursue legal action for its patent but they are finding difficulties to maintain within Chinese border. With the help of technological development firms are being operated with creative solutions like existing computer code, alliances with Chinese partners, and joint ventures for production and patents for local public use. Some of the firms have found the solution for their problem, an opportunity of greater chance of influencing Chinese policy and enforcement strategies, which will help a lobby to speak for many parties or it can be a representative for one. Understand the competition. To bit the cut throat competition, Chinese are not competing home countries companies but they are also challenging host countrys company. They work on strategy which emphasis on production of high value added products, which resulting in to increase in amount of production or benefitted for foreign firms over Chinese companies. From the Chinese companys opinion, they are not aware about particular design, marketing strategy or any new distribution channel system. Therefore they are required to have experience for the same. Diversify risk: Corporate governance and strategy in China is very crucial as the elements of RD, production and supply chains are not present or not concentrated in any one Chinese province or region or overall Chinese border. Develop strategies to maintain CSR: After being followed first step, employees and local workers are being trained by foreign firm, as well as they invest for their education and in philanthropy/return firms will support host countrys charities which might be helpful for them to construct strong political relations locally. More or less Chinese communities are sensitive, therefore to perceive anything as corporate efforts to change the infrastructure and development of its country, according to western prescriptions. Have an exit strategy: All over the world, everyone is aware that China is emerging economy and everybody praises that. It will be the most attractive market with new development and emerging strategies within next few years. After all this compliments and comments, the long term perception is more likely uncertain. The reason is they dont have political institutions like India, to minimize/reduce long-term risks of sweeping political change. So it is worth to be secure for long-term profits, as if it prematurely cashes in its chips and moves out. So its better to have an exit strategy as plan B, if plan A doesnt work.

Great Rock Musicians: Their Achievements And Effect On Rock And Roll Es

Great Rock Musicians: Their Achievements and Effect on Rock and Roll The blues are undeniably the roots of early rock and roll. Rock today has mutated so much that the basic blues patterns have been all but lost. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the birth of, and evolution of rock and roll by focusing on three of the arguably greatest rock musicians of the sixties and seventies. The origin of the blues can be traced to the emancipation of the slaves in the rural black areas of the south, where most of the people worked on share- cropping farms. Musically the blues are defined as a 12-bar chord progression, harmonized with the corresponding scales and patterns. The chord progression pattern is four measures of tonic chords followed by two measures of sub- dominate chords, two more measures of tonic chords, one measure of dominate chords, one measure of sub dominate chords, and finally two measures of tonic chords. Blues performers would travel around the south singing about their loss of love and family, and the pains they were forced to endure. The music became popular because nearly every one who heard it could identify with its message. This type of Blues later became known as country blues because it was rooted in rural areas. The Blues became more main stream and popular in the 1920's because of the recording industry coming into existence. More instruments were added such as pianos, organs, and wind instruments. Big Band and Rhythm and Blues stemmed from City Blues. Rock and Roll then stemmed from Rhythm and Blues, in fact, many of the first recorded "Rock" songs where simply white musicians re-recording Rhythm and Blues songs originally written by black artists. It took Bob Dylan 23 years to realize that he wanted to become a rock musician. Bob Dylan, whose birth name was Robert Allen Zimmerman, had a relatively uneventful childhood in a Minnesota mining town. He adopted his pseudonym when he went to the University of Minnesota. "Dylan" came from the Welsh poet Dylan Thomas, with whom Zimmerman was frequently compared in the University folk circles. After leaving the University, Dylan moved to New York's Greenwich Village to follow his folk hero, Woodie Gunthrie. In fact, his main goal of moving to the Village was simply to meet his hero. He not only met the fo... ... Lady Land, which contained his most successful single: Dylan's "All along the Watchtower". Hendrix's most memorable performance was in 1969, at Woodstock, where he played his immortal "Star-spangled Banner", however it is still unclear if he played the song in such an unpatriotic, angry style in protest of the war, or from the pressure from black militant groups. In 1970 Hendrix died from inhaling his own vomit after an intoxication of barbiturates. The debate has never been put to rest over whether it was suicide or carelessness. "Jimi Henrix was and original, and, unlike most great rock musicians suffered no imitators" (Rock Giants). Rock and roll has become one of America's greatest musical culture contributions. Indeed, America would not be the same if it did not have rock and roll. One of the reasons rock has become so great is that rock groups in more present time have tried to follow the highly creative musical standards set by the musicians in this paper. If rock continues to follow the trends set fourth by the greats, Neil Young's lyrics may prove true, "Hey, hey, my, my, rock and roll will never die."

Barbie: Should The Doll Be Modified? Essay

Since Barbie was first launched by Mattel in 1959 over 10 million have been sold. â€Å"Somewhere in the world, a Barbie is sold ever half-second†(Dittmar, Halliwell, and Ive). Out of all Mattel profits, Barbie makes up approximately 80% of them. Barbie brings in such a high profit because she has always been seen as the ‘perfect woman’: perfect house, boyfriend, wardrobe, but most importantly a perfect body. However stated by Sakima Laksimi in ‘The Barbie Effect’, â€Å"the problem is little girls are growing up admiring this unrealistic icon. Barbie shows girls that to be perfect you need to be skinny. In today’s media being skinny is favored, but are these little girls any less because they don’t resemble this unrealistic doll? Of course not, but when skinny is all they see, that is what they want to be. The effects of being self conscious and unsatisfied with their body can follow a little girl even after childhood†. Many people do not see the underlying problem with Barbies, so it is important to bring awareness to her true message because it is extremely unhealthy for girls to follow. While young girls should be able to freely play with Barbie-dolls, it is sometimes necessary to make sure those dolls aren’t harmful to their self views. Barbie provides young girls with stereotypical gender roles. Abramason says,â€Å"Significant results would mean that exposure to Barbie could lower self-perceived ability and makes female stereotypes more salient†. This put the idea in girls heads that they will never achieve the same status of knowledge as boys, and if they do it is not â€Å"cool†, and if you aren’t â€Å"cool† you certainly can’t be â€Å"perfect† like Barbie. Many girls look at Barbie as an idol, so seeing her lack the brains in math makes them want to pursue the same. Girls should not count themselves out of school because a doll teaches them otherwise. If parents don’t believe Barbies have a negative impact on their daughters academic skills they need to make sure they try their hardest in school rather than reciting after a Barbie, that was released in 1992, â€Å"Math is tough†, shown in ‘The Pros and Cons of Barbie’. If a girl is told that math is though she will live it. It is understood that Barbie provides a role model for young girls to express their beauty; however parents must realize that along with her horrifying stereotypical attributes she shows girls that prioritizing surface beauty is the only thing that matters. Yes, if the dolls were modified girls might turn away, but once they realize it is still Barbie they will indulge it due to the strong bond girls have developed with her. Urla and Swedlund in ‘Barbie Blues’ discovered, â€Å"If Barbie were full size, her measurements would be 32-17-28, typical of a woman suffering from anorexia. Add to this anorexic frame her large gravity-defying breasts and you have a body ideal that is virtually impossible for a healthy, non-surgically altered woman to attain†. If young girls want to â€Å"grow up to be look like Barbie† there is a huge problem. There are so many anti-anorexia campaigns, yet we continue to sell a disproportionate doll for little girls to idolize. Gathered from The Pros and Cons of Barbie,â€Å"If Barbie were a real woman she would have a waistline 39 percent smaller than the average anorexic patient. Her fat-to-body-weight ratio would be below 17 percent, which is required for a woman to menstruate†.. Anorexia, the starving of oneself, forces the body to conserve energy because it lacks the energy it receives from food. Due to this, many  systems in the body are slowed down, and one of these systems is the reproductive system, because without energy your body systems can not function properly. Also a result from the energy conservation and the size of Barbies waist, wouldn’t provide a structure that could be humanly possible to live in. In, ‘The Pros and Cons of Barbie’, â€Å"Researchers generating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions, for example, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her upper body, and her body would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver and a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built that way would suffer from chronic diarrhea and eventually die from malnutrition†. This means a women with these measurements simply could not exist, but girls are still trying to achieve â€Å"Barbies look† because she is portrayed as â€Å"perfect†. Barbies should not continue to be sold with the current structure, as it is dwindling to a girls health. Many mothers argue that they turned out just fine playing with Barbie, so why wouldn’t there daughters? However, many mothers were born into a time where media advertised how to gain weight rather than lose it, for example â€Å"Wate-On†, which was advertised in newspapers during the 1960s! This caused them to be indirectly taught the idea of â€Å"more meat than bones†, so by the time they played with Barbies they dropped them when it was time to eat what was on the dinner table but even then, girls began to look at themselves negatively when Mattel came out with â€Å"the 1965 Slumber Party Barbie. She came with a book titled ‘How to Lose Weight’ which advised, ‘Don’t eat.’† (â€Å"The Pros and Cons†), this introduced the idea of wanting to look like Barbie. So, as these mothers who argue against modifying Barbies figure may not have become anorexic, they still suffered from negative body image when they were younger because of the barbies which were produce during their times. Girls now a days are surrounded by teeny women in spotlights, so they indirectly taught the importance of being thin, so with two sources of media hypnotizing them into becoming unhealthy and skinny these girls are at risk for a much higher chance for anorexia.  While television, music, newspapers, and other types of â€Å"adult† media can not be regulated to be in favor of young girls, Barbies can be. Adding on to young girls becoming more and more self conscious of their bodies, in 2006 research was conducted by The American Physiological Association comparing the Barbie-doll to the Emme-doll, which is a British toy that has realistic body measurements. It was discovered that the girls who played with Barbie had more body dissatisfaction. Dittmar, Halliwell, and Ive’s research explained: This demonstrates that it is not body-related information conveyed by dolls per se that has a direct impact on young girls’ body image, but by Barbie dolls specifically, which represent a distortedly thin body ideal. These ultra thin images not only lowered young girls’ body esteem but also decreased their satisfaction with their actual body size, making them desire a thinner body. This detrimental effect was evident already for girls from age 5  ½ to age 6  ½ but was more pronounced among 6  ½- to 7  ½- year-olds. At such a young age girls should not be worrying about what they look like, if at all. The bond that little girls have with Barbie is the cause of their low self-esteem. In conclusion, it is understood that little girls are expected to play with dolls, but they do not need to be exposed to a toy that takes a toll on their health in the long run. Girls should not base their body on a disproportionate doll, and if Barbie is going to continue to be the doll girls idolize it should be made into a realistic structured doll that promotes good health. Works Cited Abramson, Elise. Barbie Brains: The Effect of Barbie Dolls on Girls’ Perception of Male and Female Jobs. Oregon State University, 2009. Oregon State University Library. Web. 25 January 2014. Dittmar, Helga, Emma Halliwell, and Suzanne Ive. â€Å"Does Barbie Make Girls Want to Be Thin? The Effect of Experimental Exposure to Images of Dolls on the Body Image of 5- to 8-Year-Old Girls.† Developmental Psychology 47.2, 2006. Web. 25 January 2014. Sakina Laksimi.†The Barbie Effect.†Media Ecology. Mercy College, 2012. Web. 20 January 2014. Urla and Swedlund.â€Å"The Barbie Blues?† The Body Project. Bradley University, 2001.Web. 20 January 2014. â€Å"The Pros and Cons of Barbie and their Extreme Effect on Society .† Body Image, 2011. Web. 22 January 2014.

Analysis of Handels Admeto essays

Analysis of Handel's Admeto essays In the beginning of the 18th century opera seria developed into a vibrant art form, and took a center stage in operatic performance of London. As a genre, opera seria takes its themes from classical myths and literature, building on the musical standards developed throughout the Baroque period. Opera seria is built on a rigid structure of three acts in which the recitative and aria are performed in alternation. The dominant convention of this musical genre is the de capo aria which helps to show a single specific mood or affection through the use of repetition and melismatic singing while also serving as a "reflection of the significance of the virtuoso singer" (New Harvard 564). The voices of soloists were central to the performance, and the composers of opera serias used the instruments of the orchestra as an accompaniment. In looking at Handel's Admeto we can see a prominent example of an opera seria, allowing us to see how these among other musical conventions created a sens e of grandeur and order so prominent during a Baroque period. Recitative playes a pivotal role in the development of the action of Admeto. It serves a function of both developing the plot and explaining the relationships between characters. The Act III scene 6 finds Alcestis back from the netherworld and looking to reunite with her husband Admeto. In a dramatic dialogue Hercules tells her that her husband is in love with another. This amount of information would be impossible to convey effectively in the form of an aria. Instead of being accompanied by the basso continuo, the recitative between Alcestis and Hercules is almost entirely spoken. The only instrumental accompaniment is the harpsichord, and its function is limited to underlining the ends of phrases. Such recitative, often called secco recitative, allows the words come out unencumbered by the colorful turns of a musical composition. Yet the music is not absent from Handel's recitative. ...

Comparative ecology of urban and rural foxes Essays

Comparative ecology of urban and rural foxes Essays Comparative ecology of urban and rural foxes Essay Comparative ecology of urban and rural foxes Essay Abstraction The ruddy fox ( Vulpus vulpus ) is an adaptable animate being that can be found anyplace with equal nutrient and shelter, it is hence non surprising that they have adapted from a rural to an urban scene. Few surveies have straight compared urban and rural fox ecology. This reappraisal had two primary aims ; ( 1 ) To depict habitat use by urban and rural foxes and ( 2 ) to discourse the fluctuation in their diet, population kineticss, causes of mortality, societal organisation and behavior by associating these fluctuations to differences in their home ground. Many similarities were observed between the urban and rural fox. It was concluded that the characteristics which determine the distribution and copiousness of foxes may differ depending on their home ground. The diets of urban and rural foxes are proposed to be distinguished by differences in grade instead than differences in sort. In urban countries where dense populations of foxes live in close propinquity there must besides be greater societal engagement than in the less associated rural fox communities. Population denseness is of import when sing the spread of epizootic diseases and the timing and grade of population dispersion. 1. Introduction Over the past century additions in human population denseness have escalated the procedure of urbanization ( Mc Kinney, 2002 ) . Organisms are now confronted with a scope of fresh conditions because of the alterations of the natural environment in which they normally thrive. This can potentially impact both their life rhythm and forms of behavior ( Dickman and Doncaster, 1987 ) . In recent old ages the consequence of urbanisation on the ruddy fox ( Vulpes Vulpess ) has been of peculiar involvement. The construct that ecological interactions of animate beings may differ harmonizing to the type of home ground they occupy is non new. Differences will originate depending on the nature of the animate being s habitat interactions and their life history. For illustration, the grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ) and the raccoon ( Procyon lotor ) are strongly influenced by urban variables such as propinquity to houses, unreal feeders, or other physical constructions ( Flyger, 1970 ; Harris 1986 ) . The fox s successful accommodation from a rural to an urban environment is non surprising as they are timeserving animate beings that are distributed across a broad diverseness of home grounds. In Russia and Europe they can be found in the north-polar tundra, and have been reported on sea ice 100km North of the nearest land ( Harris, 1986 ) . Foxs are to be found due souths in most European home grounds. They live from western Asia to eastern Japan and due souths into the comeuppances of North African. Throughout most of the mainland home grounds in North America the same species of fox is found ( Hutchins at Al, 2003 ) . The broad distribution of the ruddy fox, the diverseness of home grounds in which it can be found and the velocity with which foxes have colonised countries such as Australia are all indicants of its adaptability ( Harris and Yalden, 2008 ) . This reappraisal has two primary aims: 1. To depict habitat use by urban and rural foxes. 2. To discourse the fluctuation in their diet, population kineticss, causes of mortality, societal organisation and behavior by associating these fluctuations to differences in their home ground. 2. Habitat Utilization. In both urban and rural environments foxes are most abundant in diverse home grounds that offer a broad assortment of nutrient and screen ( Goldyn, 2003 ; Harris and Rayner, 1986 ; Mac Donald A ; Sillero, 2004 ) . They exercise pick in choosing a topographic point to populate within the limitations imposed by their societal behavior ( Lloyd, 1980 ) . There are two proposed grounds for the success of the ruddy fox across its broad distribution: 1. Size The fox is little plenty to be unnoticeable, yet big plenty to be able to travel long distances when necessary. Therefore, it can easy colonize new countries and hunt countries where resorts are scattered ( Harris, 1986 ) . 2. Lack of specialisation The ruddy fox can boom in a assortment of locations as it has no peculiar home ground demands ( Lloyd, 1980 ) . 2.1. Rural Habitat. The general perceptual experience of a rural home ground suited for fox habitation is a diverse landscape dwelling of chaparral and forest ( Llyod, 1980 ) . However, rural home grounds besides include mountains ( above the treeline ) , moorlands, costal dunes and agricultural home grounds such as cultivable and pastoral farming areas. Foxs have shown a pronounced penchant for little cone-bearing forests in highland countries that are free of anthropogenetic influence and afford good shelter ( Goldyn, 2003 ) . Large cone-bearing plantations are by and large hapless scrounging countries for the fox ; nevertheless, while land flora remains they are besides good home grounds ( Harris and Yalden, 2008 ) . The chief factor act uponing the location of rural foxes is the availably and distribution of nutrient shelter is by and large non a restricting resource ( Goldyn, 2003 ) . Lairs have a important significance for foxes, non merely as engendering topographic points, but besides as a shelter for grownups during the whole twelvemonth ( Meia and Weber, 1993 ) . The rural fox digs dens in a broad assortment of home grounds including ; Bankss ; enlarged old coney burrows ; disused or occupied badger cobble ; besides natural holes in stone crannies and drains ( Harris 1977a ; Harris 1986 ) . Vegetative screen and H2O need to be within or shut to denning sites for this species. They should besides be located near countries with a good quarry base as females rarely range more than half a stat mi from their lairs ( Hoover and Wills, 1987 ) . In farming area countries foxes have shown a penchant for denning sites that are undisturbed by worlds. Wood borders and woodlots are virtually sole home grounds where fox lairs are situated ( Lariviere, 1966 ) . In farmlands next to wooded countries merely a minority of foxes will turn up in an unfastened home ground such as cultivable land. Goszozynski s survey ( 1985 ) showed that in an country with 21 % forest coverage ; merely 2 % of all lairs were located in unfastened home grounds. However Goldyn ( 2003 ) found that in farming areas where wood screen is missing, foxes can successfully accommodate to wholly different conditions, making high lair sites. The Bankss of drainage ditches, marsh Bankss and boundary strips between Fieldss were besides often used as den locations. This is declarative of the adaptable nature of the fox in a sub-optimal home ground. 2.2. Urban home grounds. For the intent of this reappraisal an urban home ground will mention to any home ground within a built up country that does non happen of course outside it. Urban home grounds include gardens, Parkss, barrens, route brinks, railroad paths and graveyards ( www.wildberks.co.uk ) . Urban home grounds have become ecosystems in which mammal populations have adapted their life style in order to last. These disconnected ecosystems provide engendering sites, nutrient and shelter for foxes ( Macdonald and Newdick, 1982 ) . In the yesteryear there has been some confusion as to which wonts are of import for the urban fox. It was noted by Llyod ( 1968 ) that urban foxes may populate in gardens, but normally they shelter in daylight in forests, Parkss, graveyards, and overgrown sites such as stray constructing secret plans . Later Harris ( 1977a ) noted that the daytime remainders of most importance are quiet gardens ( irrespective of size ) and similar domestic home grounds, he proposed that Parkss and public unfastened infinites were of small importance ; this is apparent in Table 1. Habitat variables appear to hold consistent effects on the distribution of foxes. Similar to flim-flam found in rural countries, the urban fox is most normally found in countries of diverse home ground. In an urban environment diverse home grounds include countries where industry, commercialism or council rented lodging predominate ( Harris and Rayner, 1986 ) . In London the handiness of suited home grounds for daytime harb orage is an of import modification factor for the distribution of and Numberss in fox populations ( Harris, 1977a ) . Habitat Number of Specimens Percentage of specimens Percentage of surburban land usage Resedential home grounds gardens, garden sheds, basements, houses 226 59.79 40.19 Industrial home grounds sewerage Stationss, mills, builders paces, babys rooms 28 7.41 3.72 Vacant land, usually without public entree 32 8.47 6.01 Parks and public unfastened infinites 33 8.73 10.53 Hospitals 9 2.38 1.10 Allotments 20 5.29 1.29 Cemetries 10 2.65 0.74 British rail and belowground lines 9 2.38 2.29 Golf classs 5 1.32 No information Sports evidences and school Fieldss 3 0.79 2.29 Rubbish tips 2 0.53 0.59 Airports 1 0.26 1.58 Road deceases 22 Other home grounds 29.67 Sums ( excepting route deceases ) 378 100.00 100.00 Table 1: Harris ( 1977a ) collected and recorded the location of 400 urban fox cadavers in London. This information illustrated the comparative importance of the assorted urban home grounds as daytime harborage. It has besides been suggested by several writers that railway lines may be a peculiarly of import home ground for the urban fox. Radio-tracking in Edinburgh revealed that the types of home grounds visited by foxes mostly reflected their handiness. Railway lines were peculiarly of import to chase foxes as tracts between parts of their scope ( Treweila and Harris, 1990 ) . In London regular perturbation is the chief factor regulating the distribution of lairs. The bulk of natal lairs are situated in undisturbed home grounds including under garden sheds, quiet gardens and railroad embankments. Few litters are raised in lairs in countries of public entree ; this is illustrated in Table 2 ( Harris, 1977a ) . Rural foxes have besides shown a penchant for denning sites that are undisturbed by worlds ( Goldyn, 2003 ) . Situation Number of Specimens Percentage Under garden sheds with raised floors 36 37.1 Under concrete floors of garages, out-buildings, and raised floors of summer-houses and portable huts 10 10.3 In air-raid shelters 1 1.0 In drains 1 1.0 In Bankss of Earth e.g. at underside of gardens, railroad embankments, etc, 29 29.9 In level land 9 9.3 In flower-beds, rock gardens 6 6.2 In compost tonss, hemorrhoids of trash, woodpiles 5 5.2 Entire 97 100.0 Table 2: Sitting of suburban fox lairs used for rise uping greenhorn ( Harris, 1977a ) . 3. Diet As the fox is both a marauder and a scavenger, it is presented with a immense assortment of prospective nutrients ( Lloyd, 1980 ) . Their diet depends on both location and clip of twelvemonth ( Harris, 1986 ) . Foxs are known to exchange their diet to feed on whatever is abundant locally. They have adapted peculiarly good to worlds by scrounging in towns and runing in countries cleared for agribusiness ( Hutchins at Al, 2003 ) . It is of import to retrieve that in rural and urban countries a similar scope of nutrient types are likely to be eaten ; nevertheless, the proportions will change. For illustration urban foxes in London and Oxford have a loosely similar diet ; Harris ( 1981 ) found that scavenged points comprised 37 % of the diet of foxes in London, compared to 35 % in Oxford ( Doncaster et al, 1990 ) . Foxes in Oxford Ate more angleworms ( 27 % as opposed to 12 % ) and fewer birds and insects ( Harris, 1981 ; Doncaster et Al, 1990 ) . 3.1. Seasonal Variation in Diet Throughout the twelvemonth vertebrates play an of import function in the fox s diet across most of their scope ( Baker et al, 2006 ; Harris 1986 ) . The proportion of different mammals in their diet will by and large change harmonizing to their location and season. For illustration in agricultural countries sheep ( Ovis Ariess ) are largely eaten in winter and spring ; this approximately corresponds to the lambing season which extends from January to May ( Fairley, 1984 ) . In Britain the most of import mammal eaten in urban countries is the field field mouse ( Microtus agrestis ) , which is more abundant in their diet during the winter months ( Harris, 1986 ) . Fruits and berries are besides of seasonal importance to the fox. In the early fall foxes include blackberries, raspberries, whortleberries, cherries and hawthorn berries in their diet. They eat strawberries in great measures during the summer months ( Llyod, 1980 ) . Lever ( 1959 ) besides identified angleworms, bullets and snails as representing a little proportion of the fox s diet in the summer months. On domestic lawns there is a more regular supply of scavenged nutrients and a greater handiness ( though non needfully copiousness ) of angleworms than on unsmooth rural grazing lands ( Llyod, 1980 ) . As a consequence, seasonal differences in the diet of the rural fox are much more marked than in the urban fox, as there can be major fluctuation at different times of the twelvemonth ( Harris 1986 ) . 3.2. Scavenging In most home grounds scavenging is of import for the fox. In highland parts of West Scotland, where other nutrient beginnings were scarce, the fox was found to scavenge in an agricultural environment. Foxes fed mostly on sheep carrion and field field mouses ( 65 % of mass ingested ) , supplemented by cervid carrion, coneies and birds ( Hewson, 1984 ) . In Ireland rural foxes were besides found to scavenge on sheep afterbirths ( Fairley, 1984 ) . Scavenging is peculiarly of import to the urban fox as it supplements its diet with a high proportion and assortment of scavenged nutrient ( Doncaster et al, 1990 ) . In the Centre of metropoliss foxes eat more scavenged nutrient and fewer domestic pets, angleworms and wild animate beings than foxes found nearer to the suburban periphery. ( Harris, 1986 ) In London and Oxford scavenged nutrient or nutrient intentionally provided by homeowner s histories for over 35 % of their diet ( Harris, 1981 ; Doncaster at Al, 1990 ) . Foxs are known to bust ashcans for garbages ( www.thefoxwebsite.org ) and may besides on occasion raid bird tabular arraies ( Harris, 1986 ) . 3.3. The fox as a marauder Medium sized animate beings play an of import function in the diet of the rural fox throughout all seasons ; coneies for illustration may account for up to 74 % of their diet ( Baker et al, 2006 ) . In Ireland foxes tend to exchange to brown rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) when coney populations are reduced by myxamatosis ( Fairley, 1984 ) . The consumption of little gnawers is much lower in Ireland than in Britain. It is therefore possible that rats, hares and coneies are of greater importance to the rural Irish fox because of the restricted assortment of mammalian quarry, ( Fairley, 1970 ) in peculiar the absence of field field mouses in Ireland ( Lever, 1959 ) . In agricultural environments the ruddy fox is known to be one of the most of import marauders ( Lloyd, 1980 ) . A survey by Conova and Rosa ( 1994 ) on the diet of foxes on agricultural land in northwest Italy found that birds and little mammals made up more than 60 % of their diet. Game birds such as Anas platyrhynchoss ( Anas plutyrhynchos ) and pheasants ( Phasianus colchicus ) every bit good as domestic birds were preyed upon. In Brittan game birds ( chiefly pheasants ) , little mammals ( predominately field field mouses ) and big mammals comprise 11, 7 and 6 % of their diet, severally ( Baker et al, 2006 ) . In England and Ireland lambs are more susceptible to losingss than domestic fowl, this is due to the fact that they are legion and widely dispersed and frequently suffer from hapless farmings and exposure to severe climatic conditions ( Llyod, 1980 ) . In the urban matrix the marauding function of fox has non been abandoned, despite the fact that lambs and wild coneies are mostly absent from their diet due to miss of handiness. Alternatively, urban foxes prey on birds and little mammals to a greater grade than those in rural countries ( Doncaster et al, 1990 ) . Foxs are attracted to locations which have a diverse and abundant nutrient base, whether these beginnings are situated in the urban ecosystem or the encompassing countryside ( Dickman and Doncaster, 1987 ) . This is emphasised by similarities in the diets of urban and rural foxes ( Doncaster et al, 1990 ; MacDonald, 1981 ) . The diets of urban and rural foxes are distinguished more by differences in grade than by differences in sort as some populations of rural foxes may besides scavenge nutrient from small towns and farms ( Doncaster et al, 1990 ) . 4. Population Dynamicss 4.1 Density Fox population denseness is influenced by factors such as prey handiness and anthropogenetic culling ( Webbon et al, 2004 ) and varies depending on location ( table 3 ) ( Harris and Yalden, 2008 ) . Webbon et Al ( 2004 ) found that in rural hill countries, densenesss may be every bit low as 0.21 fox per km2 and extremum at 2.23 foxes per km2 on cultivable land. High densenesss were positively related with countries of cone-bearing forest, lowland fen and grassland pastures. In urban countries fox population denseness is normally higher than in similarly sized rural countries. The highest denseness of foxes of all time recorded was 37.0 adults/km2 in North West Bristol ( Baker et al, 2000 ) . This figure was recorded instantly before an eruption of mange. Fox Population Densities Rural ( Webbon et al, 2004 ) Urban Habitat Number of foxes per km2 Habitat Number of Foxes per km2 Arable land 0.79 2.23 Bristol before mange eruption ( Baker et al, 2000 ) 37.0 Pastural land 1.39 1.88 Bristol 2.5 old ages after mange eruption ( Baker et al, 2000 ) 7.0 Fringy Upland 0.82 London ( Page, 1981 ) 12.0 Highland 0.21 Cheltenham ( Harris and Smith, 1987a ) 8.96 11.2 Table 3: Population densenesss across urban and rural locations. 4.2. Dispersion The most of import factor impacting dispersion is population denseness. Trewhella et Al ( 1988 ) found that in countries of low fox denseness ( rural countries ) animate beings disperse farther than those from countries of high and average fox denseness ( urban countries ) . In really low fox denseness parts of Europe exceeding motions will transcend 100km: nevertheless, in Britain motions over 40 kilometers are rare, even in hill countries where fox Numberss are low ( Harris and Yalden, 2008 ) Not merely do urban foxes move shorter distances, but fewer of them really leave the place. Trewhella et Al ( 1988 ) found that by the terminal of their 2nd twelvemonth the concluding proportion of urban foxes that dispersed were 75.8 % for males and 37.8 % for females. The remainder for good stay on the place scope where they were born. Storm et Al. ( 1976 ) gathered informations on rural foxes and found the proportion of foxes scattering was slightly higher than in Trewhella s urban survey, amounting to 96 % for males and 58 % for females. Dispersion starts earlier in the countryside than in urban countries. Disturbance, particularly by fox hunting, may be peculiarly of import in dividing up a higher figure of fox households and speed uping the dispersion of juveniles ( Harris, 1986 ) . Dispersal begins in early fall and is mostly completed by the terminal of the twelvemonth ( Storm et al. , 1976 ) . In urban countries cubs that do scatter be given to make so rather late in the season ( December ) . This may be because most urban fox households are capable to less terrible perturbation ( Harris, 1986 ) . 5. Causes of Mortality 5.1. Human induced mortalities In both urban and rural populations worlds are responsible for a high proportion of fox deceases ( Table 3 ) . In urban countries route traffic is the chief cause of fox mortalities ( Baker et al, 2004 ; Harris and Smith 1987b ) . In 2004, 58 % of fox deceases in Bristol were route deceases ; the bulk being killed on major class roads ( e.g. expresswaies ) ( Baker et al, 2004 ) . In rural countries the bulk of deceases are caused by culling and runing foxes. In all parts of mainland Britain there has been a steady addition in the average figure of foxes killed by game wardens per km2 since 1960 ( Tapper 1992 ) , with four times as many killed per km2 in 1990 as in 1960. In rural Dorset 58 % of foxes were intentionally killed by runing and culling ( Reynolds and Tapper, 1995 ) . In a study of three rural parts in England foxes were culled in 70 95 % of farms ( Reynolds and Tapper, 1996 ) . Hunting with Canis familiariss took a figure of signifiers before the debut of the Hunting Act in 2004. 21,000 25,000 foxes were killed yearly by about 200 registered battalions of foxhounds ; with terriers delving out 55,000 lairs and lurkers killing 10,000 foxes ( Harris and Yalden, 2008 ) . Urban Fox ( Harris and Smith, 1987b ) Rural Fox ( Reynolds and Tapper, 1995 ) Cause of decease % Killed Cause of decease % Killed Road accidents 61.65 Road accidents 7 Killed intentionally by people 17.45 Killed intentionally by people 58 Disease 10.5 Disease 5 Table 3: Major causes of decease for urban foxes in Bristol and rural foxes in Dorset. The figures are given as per centums and should be taken to bespeak the comparative importance of the different mortality factors. 5.2. Disease. Due to higher densenesss and closer propinquity, urban foxes are more susceptible to epizootic diseases such as mange and hydrophobias, this is apparent in table 3 ( Harris and Smith 1987b ) . Sarcoptic mange is a parasitic disease that spread across most of mainland Britain during the 1990s, this caused diminutions in both rural and urban fox populations ( Baker et al, 2000 ) . However this diminution was more noticeable in urban countries due to higher densenesss of foxes. In some populations, more than 95 % of persons died. Despite this, populations are easy retrieving ( www.thefoxwebsite.org ) . Harris ( 1977b ) demonstrated that spinal arthritis ( sponodylosis deformans ) , was present in a really high proportion of urban foxes, with an infection degree of 34.5 % . The mean age of the foxes used in the survey was merely one twelvemonth nine months. It is thought that development of this disease is related to their diet. Fox ( 1939 ) suggested that the state of affairs in urban foxes is unusual ; nevertheless this has non yet been confirmed by mention to big aggregations of skeletal stuff from other populations. 6. Social Administration and Behaviour 6.1 Districts Davies ( 1978 ) recognises territoriality where animate beings are spaced further apart than would be expected from a random business of suited home grounds . The size of fox district varies mostly between parts, depending on their home ground. However districts of the rural fox are by and large larger than their urban opposite numbers. In hill countries of Scotland districts can be up to 4000ha ( Lockie, 1964 ) ; in rural Dorset it has been averaged at 270ha ( Reynolds A ; Tapper, 1995 ) and as 520ha in Sitka spruce populations ( O Mahoney et Al, 1999 ) . In urban countries districts may be every bit little as 8.5ha, this is due to the handiness of anthropogenetic nutrient beginnings and the higher denseness of foxes populating in metropoliss. In Bristol the average district size is 27ha ( Baker et al, 2000 ) , 39 hour angle in Oxford ( Doncaster and Mac Donald, 1991 ) and 100ha in Edinburgh ( Kolb, 1986 ) . The floating motion of districts appears to be alone among urban foxes and has been studied in Oxford. City scopes were non spatially stable over months or even hebdomads. They moved in step-wise extensions to embrace new countries whilst at the same clip undertaking other parts of the scope to throw out old countries. ( Doncaster and Mac Donald, 1991 ) . Movement of place scopes may be a behavioral version that has developed since the invasion of foxes into urban countries. The mean sum of nutrient available in the metropolis is normally higher than in an equivalently sized rural country, but there is besides a much greater discrepancy in nutrient handiness ( Doncaster et al, 1990 ; MacDonald, 1981 ) . Foxes must on a regular basis research new countries and re-explore old 1s in order to do the optimal usage of the resources in an urban environment. In a big rural place scope this activity would non be feasible as it would necessitate far excessively much energy ; nevertheless thi s scheme survives and prospers in metropoliss because of the high denseness of different home ground spots. 6.2. Relation with Worlds Foxs have had a really assorted relationship with worlds. They are by and large unpopular with rural communities, game wardens, shepherds and the bulk of husbandmans ( Reynolds and Tapor, 1996 ) . Fox culling in rural countries is undertaken by several disparate involvement groups. The cardinal ground for husbandmans engagement in fox culling is the protection of farm animal or domestic fowl. Similarly, game wardens undertake culling to protect game on comparatively big farms ( Llyod, 1980 ) . In rural countries fox runing as a athletics is frequently of significant involvement. In some instances landholders and game wardens curtail their culling attempt to guarantee sufficient foxes are available for runing ( Heydon and Reynolds, 2000 ) . In contrast with this, urban foxes are welcomed by most occupants and are frequently supported through deliberate eating by homeowners ( www.thefoxwebsite.org ) . During the 1970 s and 80 s there was a big decrease in the figure of foxes killed by the local authorization, this was due to their increasing popularity in British metropoliss such as London ( Harris and Yaldin, 2008 ) . Damage caused by foxes in urban countries is by and large little ; nevertheless fox predation on domestic pets contributes to the debatable relationship between worlds and foxes. In relation to his survey of nutrient penchants in urban foxes, Harris ( 1981b ) questioned families in Bristol sing Numberss of domestic animate beings killed by foxes. 5,191 families took portion in the study. Of the families that owned cats merely 2.7 % had lost a cat to flim-flam, most of which were kitties. 7. Decision Foxs are found anyplace with equal nutrient and shelter ; their home ground can change widely in footings of clime and terrain, runing from the extremes of the north-polar tundra in Russia and Europe to the comeuppances of North Africa ( Hutchins at Al, 2003 ) . Since foxes have exploited every other suited home ground, it would be surprising if they had non become city-dwellers. Mac Donald and Nedwick ( 1982 ) have suggested that there is no rigorous division between rural and urban foxes ; wireless tracked foxes on a regular basis commuted between urban and rural countries. Nevertheless, populating in the metropolis requires particular versions. The characteristics which determine the distribution and copiousness of foxes may be different in urban and rural home grounds. The home grounds of most communities of rural foxes are determined by the availably and distribution of nutrient and by competition for it harmonizing to the denseness of foxes in an country ( Goldyn, 2003 ) . In an urban environment nutrient is non normally a confining resort as huge sums of nutrient are available for scavenging. Alternatively, shelter becomes a high precedence and their distribution is determined by the handiness of suited daytime safety ( Harris, 1977a ) . The diets of urban and rural foxes are by and large really similar, nevertheless the handiness of these nutrients differ between environments. The same contention over predation on adult male s farm animal exists in both countries, but in urban countries cats are substituted for lambs and domestic birds for domestic fowl ( Harris, 1981, Hewson, 1984 ) . The largest difference in their diets is the more regular supply of scavenged nutrients and the greater handiness of angleworms on domestic lawns than on unsmooth rural grazing lands ( Doncaster et al, 1990 ) . If given the chance, some populations of rural foxes may besides scavenge significant proportions of their nutrient from small towns and farms. In urban countries where dense populations of foxes live in close propinquity there must be greater societal engagement than in the less associated rural fox communities ( Baker et al, 2000 ; Webbon et Al, 2004 ) . The closer propinquity of high denseness urban fox populations consequences in higher susceptibleness to epizootic diseases than their rural counter parts ( Harris and Smith, 1987b ) . Density besides has an affect on dispersion ; by and large animate beings from low denseness rural countries disperse farther than those from high or average fox denseness urban countries ( Trewhella et al, 1988 ) . Not merely do urban foxes move shorter distances but fewer of them really leave the place ( Trewhella et al, 1988 ; Storm et Al, 1976 ) . In both rural and urban populations worlds are responsible for the bulk of fox deceases. However, they are perceived really otherwise in these home grounds. The bulk of urban fox deceases are inadvertent ( Baker et al, 2004 ) ; they are by and large welcomed and have provided people with a connexion to the natural universe. On the other manus, in a rural scene foxes are seen as an agricultural plague and the bulk of deceases are caused by culling and runing ( Heydon and Reynolds, 2000 ) . This reappraisal highlights the influence of urbanization on a extremely adaptable and timeserving animate being. Foxs have become improbably adept at eking out a life in today s universe and are profoundly entwined in our history and culture.This reappraisal finally shows that the full manner of life of the urban fox is highly similar to that of the rural fox ; any behavioral differences observed seem to fall within the known scope of responses of the fox to environmental stimulations. The particulars of their divergent ecology may differ depending on the home ground they occupy ; nevertheless the constructions of their ecologies remain the same. 8. Mentions Baker, P.J. , Funk, S.M. , Harris, S. , White, P.C.L. ( 2000 ) . Flexible spacial organisation of urban foxes, Vlpus vulpus, before and during an eruption of sarcoptic mange. Animal Behaviour, 59: 127 146. Baker, P.J. , Harris, S. , Robertson, C.P. , Saunders, G. and Whit, P.C.L. ( 2004 ) . Is it possible to supervise mammal population alterations from counts of route traffic casualties? An analysis utilizing Bristol s ruddy foxes ( Vulpus vulpus ) as an illustration. Mammal Review, 34: 115 130 Baker, P.J. , Furlong, M. , Southern, S. , Harris, S. ( 2006 ) . The possible impact of ruddy fox predation in agricultural landscapes in lowland Britain. Wildlife Biology, 12: 39 50 Canova, L A ; Rosa, P. ( 1994 ) . Badger ( Meles Meles ) and fox ( Vulpus vulpus ) nutrient in agricultural land in the western Po field. HystrU, 5 ( 1-2 ) : 73-78 Davies, N. B. ( 1978 ) . Ecological ques-tions about territorial behaviour. In Behavioral Ecology, eds. J. R. Krebs, N. B. Davies, pp. 317-50. London: Black-well Dickman, C.R. and Doncaster C.P. ( 1987 ) . The ecology of little mammals in urban home grounds I. Populations in a patchy environment. Journal of carnal ecology, 56: 629 640 Doncaster C. P. , Dickman C. R and MacDonald D. W. ( 1990 ) . Feeding Ecology of Red Foxes ( Vulpes Vulpess ) in the City of Oxford, England. Journal of Mammalogy, 71 ( 2 ) : 188-194. Doncaster, C.P A ; Mac Donald, D.W. ( 1991 ) Floating territoriality in the ruddy fox ( Vulpus vulpus ) . Journal of Animal Ecology, 60: 423 439. Fairley, J.S. ( 1970 ) . The Food, Reproduction, Form, Growth and Development of the Fox Vulpes Vulpess ( L. ) in North-East Ireland. by Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section B: Biological, Geological, and Chemical Science. Fairley, J.S. ( 1984 ) . An Irish animal book. Second edition. Blackstaff Press, Belfast. Flyger, V. ( 1970 ) . Urban grey squirrels-problems, direction, and comparings with forest populations. Minutess of the North Eastern Fisheries and Wildlife Conference, 27: 107-113 Fox, H. ( 1939 ) . Chronic arthritis in wild mammals. Minutess of the American Philosophical Society New Series, 31: 73-149. Goldyn, B et Al. ( 2003 ) . Habitat usage and diet of the ruddy fox ( Vulpes Vulpess ) in an agricultural landscape in Poland. Z. Jagdwiss, 49: 191 200 Goszczynski, J. ( 1985 ) . The consequence of structural distinction of ecological landscape on the predator-prey interactions. Warszawa, 46: 1-80 ( In Polish ) . In Goldyn, B et Al. ( 2003 ) . Habitat usage and diet of the ruddy fox ( Vulpes Vulpess ) in an agricultural landscape in Poland. Z. Jagdwiss, 49: 191 200 Harris, S ( 1977a ) . Distribution, home ground use and age construction of a suburban fox ( Vulpus vulpus ) population. Mammal rpm. 7 ( 1 ) : 25 39 Harris, S. ( 1977b ) . Spinal Arthritis ( Spondylosis Deformans ) in the Red Fox, ( Vulpes Vulpess ) , with Some Methodology of Relevance to Zooarchaeology. Journal of Archaeological Science, 4: 183-l 95 Harris, S. ( 1981 ) . The nutrient of suburban foxes ( Vulpus vulpus ) , with particular mention to London. Mammal reappraisal, 11: 151 168 Harris, S. ( 1986 ) Urban foxes. Whittet, London. Harris, S and Rayner, J. M. V. ( 1986 ) . Urban Fox ( Vulpes Vulpess ) Population Estimates and Habitat Requirements in Several British Cities, by Journal of Animal Ecology British Ecological Society. Harris, S and Smith, G.C. ( 1987a ) . The usage of sociological informations to explicate the distribution and Numberss of urban foxes ( Vulpus Vulpus ) in England and Wales. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, 58: 313-328 Harris, S and Smith, G.C. ( 1987b ) . Demography of Two Urban Fox ( Vulpes Vulpess ) Populations Journal of Applied Ecology, 24 ( 1 ) : 75-86. Harris, S. , D. W. and Yalden, D.W. ( 2008 ) . Mammals of the British Isles enchiridion ( 4th ed. ) . The Mammal Society. Hewson, R. ( 1984 ) . Scavenging and Predation upon Sheep and Lambs in West Scotland Journal of Applied Ecology, 21 ( 3 ) : 843-868. Heydon, M.J. and Reynolds, J.C. ( 2000 ) . Fox ( Vulpes Vulpess ) direction in three contrasting parts of Britain, in relation to agricultural and clean involvements. J. Zool. , Lond. 251: 237 252 Hoover, R.L. and Wills, D.L. ( 1987 ) . Species Requirements The Red Fox. Colorado Division of Wildlife. Hutchins, M. , Kleiman, D.G. , Geist, V. , Mc Dade, M.C. ( 2003 ) . Grezimek s Animal Life Encyclopedia, 2nd edition. Volumes I V. Fermington Hills, MI: Gale Group Kolb, H.H. ( 1986 ) Some observations on the place scope of harpies ( Vulpus vulpus ) in the suburbs of Edinburgh. Journal of Zoology, 210 ( A ) : 636 639. Lariveiere, S. Pasitschniak-Arts, M. ( 1996 ) . Vulpes Vulpess. Mammalian Species 537: 1-11. Lever R. J. A. W. ( 1959 ) . The Diet of the Fox Since Myxomatosis. Journal of Animal Ecology, 28 ( 2 ) : 359-375. Lloyd, H. G. ( 1968 ) The control of foxes ( Vulpes Vulpess ) . Annalss of Applied Biology, 61: 334-345. Llyod, HG. ( 1980 ) . The Red Fox. B.T. Batsford. Lockie, J.D. ( 1964 ) . The engendering denseness of the aureate England fox in relation to nutrient supply in Wester Ross, Scotland. Scots Naturalist, 71: 67 77. Mac Donald, D.W. ( 1981 ) . Resource scattering and the societal administration of the ruddy fox, ( Vulpes Vulpess ) : In Proceedings of the World Furbearer Conference, ( Ed by J. A. Chapman and D. Pursley, eds. ) , pp. 918 949. Old line state: University of Maryland Press, Frostburg. Mac Donald, D.W. A ; Newdick, M. T ( 1982 ) . The distribution and ecology of foxes, ( Vulpes Vulpess ) in an urban country. In Bornkamm, R. , Lee, J.A. A ; . Seeward M.RD ( explosive detection systems ) . Urban Ecology. pp. 123-135. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. Mac Donald, D.W. and Sillero Zubiri, C. ( 2004 ) . Biology and preservation of Wild Canids. Oxford University Press. Mc Kinney, M.L. ( 2002 ) Urbanization, Conservation and Biodiversity. BioScience, 52 ( 10 ) : 883-890 Meia, J. S. ; Webber, J. M. ( 1993 ) . Choice of resting sites by females of foxes ( Vulpes Vulpess ) in cragged home ground. Acta theriol. 38: 81-91. O Mahoney, D. et Al. ( 1999 ) . Fox predation on cyclic field vole populations in Britain. Ecography, 22: 33 581. Page, R.J.C. ( 1981 ) . Dispersal and Population Density of the Fox ( Vulpes Vulpess ) in an Area of London. Journal of Zoology, 194 ( 4 ) : 485-491. Reynolds J.C. and Tapper, S.C. ( 1995 ) . The ecology of the ruddy fox ( Vulpus vulpus ) in relation to little game in rural southern England, and its possible impact on one-year population growing. Wildlife Biology, 1: 145 158. Reynolds J. C. and S. C. Tapper. ( 1996 ) . Control of mammalian marauders in game direction and Conservation. Mammal Review. 26: 127-156. Storm, G. L. , R. D. Andrews, R. L. Phillips, R. A. Bishop, D. B. Sinniff, and J. R. Tester. ( 1976 ) . Morphology, reproduction, dispersion, and mortality of midwestern ruddy fox populations. Wildl. Monogr, 49: 82. Tapper, S. ( 1992 ) Game heritage: an ecological reappraisal from hiting and game maintaining records. Game Conservation, Fordingbridge. Trewhella, W.J. and Harris, S A ; McAllister F.E. ( 1988 ) . Dispersal Distance, Home-Range Size and Population Density in the Red Fox ( Vulpes Vulpess ) : A Quantitative Analysis Beginning: Journal of Applied Ecology, 25 ( 2 ) : 423-434 Trewhella, W.J. and Harris, S. ( 1990 ) . The consequence of railroad lines on urban fox ( Vulpes Vulpess ) Numberss and dispersion motions. J. Zool. , Lond, 221: 321 326. Webbon, C.C, Baker, P.J. , Harris, S. ( 2004 ) . Faecal denseness counts for monitoring alterations in ruddy fox Numberss in rural Britain. Journal of Applied Ecology. 41: 768 779. www.thefoxwebsite.org www.wildberks.co.uk 9

How mobile learning is used by students as part of their learning Essay

How mobile learning is used by students as part of their learning practice And to what extend does it provide new opportunities for teaching and learning in terms of access and flexibility - Essay Example In other words, m-learning reduces the restriction of the location of learning with the general portable devices’ mobility. The use of the mobile technologies elicits interesting queries as scholars examine the effectiveness of learning and teaching in this digital age. In real sense, mobile technologies enhance and extend learning across diverse groups of people. Currently, almost all people use and own at least one form of mobile devices. Such people not only own and use the devices but also invest some considerable amount of time, resources, and efforts in choosing, purchasing, customizing, as well as exploiting them. Most of these handled devices are an expression of part of even much of the values, identity, individuality, and affiliations of their owners via their choice as well as use. The devices are ubiquitous and pervasive, unobtrusive and conspicuous, taken to granted and noteworthy in lives of majority of the people. This explains why m-learning is more than e-learning using mobile devices as it also hints the possibility of leveraging the devices of learners and this can take education to new spaces, places, and modes (Traxler 2011, p. 4-5). For clarification, mobile learning is the use of handheld and mobile information technology devices such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), tablet PC technologies, as well as laptops in learning and teaching activities (Prensky 2001a, p. 1). As the internet and computers become vital tools of education, the technologies become increasingly portable, effective, easy to use, as well as affordable. This offers numerous opportunities for broadening the access and participation to information and communication technologies, and specifically to the internet (Campbell 2005, p. 32). The mobile devices like PDAs and mobile phones are more reasonably priced in comparison to desktop computers, thus

Opera Report-Carmen(Bizet) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Opera Report-Carmen(Bizet) - Essay Example The hall size was medium to large and has a capacity of holding 2,967 people plus has room for the orchestra pit and main stage. The theater had chandeliers and a set of fine arts accents making the event seem more formal. The audience followed through with the formal occasion and the atmosphere that was noted from the dresses worn included fancier and wealthy looking clothing. These combined aspects made the atmosphere serious and created a different setting for the event. The name of the liberettist was Nino Surguladze and plays the role of Carmen from the 1875 opera written by Bizette. The opera is set in Spain where Surguldaze plays a gypsy that smuggles items. The opposing voice is Richard Leech, who plays the tenor in the opera as Don Jose. There is also the part of Micaela, a soprano played by Talise Trevigne and which acts as the fiance of Don Jose. Wayne Tigges, the second tenor, plays the man in which Carmen falls in love with and which leads to her final tragedy. The perfo rmance forces that are associated with this include an orchestra. The opera program follows the main names of those who are in the opera as well as in the orchestra. The program is also inclusive of the main plot line and the concepts related to the performance. There is also a section for sponsors, donations and affiliations that are a part of the opera and which provided support for the presentation. ... However, the details of the performance and the various understandings of each of the musical pieces, despite translations being available, were difficult to follow because of the language differences and atmosphere of the theater. Before going to the performance, I didn’t read about the work or other information from an approved source. Most of the performance aspects were unfamiliar to me, such as what to expect, how the opera would be, what the setting would be and the approach which would be taken. The performance conventions which surprised me were based on my unfamiliarity with the opera and the plot of Carmen. I didn’t know that it would be in French or would have the amount of work which went into the various pieces. I also had assumed that opera was based more on the singing; however, this particular style used a large amount of acting and movement on the stage. This was refreshing; however, it was also unexpected. The musical and dramatic elements that were in the opera were based on the characteristics of being in Spain and belonging to the Gypsy race. This is heard from the beginning overture and leads throughout the various works. The first example of this is â€Å"Habanera,† in which Carmen announces her love to the village. The main element is the rhythm, which keeps a Spanish dance beat of 1, 3, 4 with a slight accent on the â€Å"and† between the 3 and 4. This is combined with the simplistic melody which follows over this and which is led by Carmen. During this point, the lighting is strong and depicts happiness with the dancing and announcement which Carmen makes. The second example of music which follows this characteristic is â€Å"Toreador Song† also known as the drinking song. When hearing the orchestra, there is a